A witness is not declared a hostile one by the party calling him, it is the Court, upon application by the party’s counsel, after satisfying itself that the witness bears a hostile animus, which declares the witness a hostile witness
The main objective of privileged communication is to entitle a Witness to withhold relevant evidence from a Court proceeding or prevent the giving of such information by another person. This is done to protect confidential information and important public policy and it applies to both oral and documentary evidence.
Evaluation of Evidence is strictly the business of trial Courts; as a matter of law, an appellate Court can only interfere in this business where a party complains of improper evaluation or non-evaluation.
For an accurate examination, this paper is divided into two sections; the first provides an analysis of the meaning of electronic document, while the second considers the task in detail by discussing the conditions guiding its admissibility.
