Digital Surveillance, Data Privacy, and Fundamental Rights in Nigeria
Nigeria’s expanding digital surveillance architecture, encompassing state security operations, biometric databases, fintech platforms and telecommunications infrastructure, has developed faster than the laws intended to regulate it. This article examines the constitutional and statutory framework governing digital surveillance and data privacy in Nigeria, identifies gaps in the NDPA and related legislation, and proposes a rights-centred regulatory framework founded on proportionality, judicial authorisation, effective institutional oversight and dedicated legislation for biometric data and communications interception.
