Cross-Border Data Transfers Under the Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023: Legal Challenges and Regulatory Compliance in Nigeria
Cross-border data transfers are central to modern digital commerce but expose personal data to different legal systems, cybersecurity risks and enforcement challenges. This article examines the framework established by sections 41–43 of the Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023 and the GAID 2025, with particular attention to adequacy, approved transfer instruments, alternative statutory grounds, organisational accountability and the practical compliance obligations of Nigerian businesses.
